Read the clauses on the war powers that the Constitution grants to Congress in Article I, Section 8, and to the President in Article II, Section 2. Introduce the students to the Guiding Question. Bush Presidential Library, Dallas, Texas. President George Bush's Statement on Signing the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, OctoGeorge W. Senate, RG 46 National Archives, Washington, DC. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, as introduced, AugRecords of the U.S. Truman Presidential Library, Independence, Missouri. Truman's statement on Korea, JPapers of George M. "Day of Infamy" message to Congress from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt concerning the Japanese attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor DecemRecords of the U.S. President James Buchanan's message to Congress requesting legislation to protect Americans in the Isthmus of Panama, FebruRecords of the U.S. House of Representatives, RG 233 National Archives, Washington, DC. Representative Abraham Lincoln's "Spot" Resolutions, DecemRecords of the U.S. Government Civics Topics included in this lesson:ĭeclarations of war, separation of powers, Constitution, Article I, Article II, War of 1812, Mexican War, Civil War, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, Iraq War, informational texts, primary sources Time Required: What is the ideal balance of power between the President and Congress with respect to war? Materials:Īll lesson materials Recommended Grade Levels: This lesson requires students to evaluate previous war making decisions, and apply that historical understanding to consider how such decisions should be made in the future. Rationale:Īs future voters, students need the tools to participate as citizens in the nation's future decisions on war. Students will assess and evaluate the current balance of power. They will also evaluate why and how the balance of authority in initiating war has changed over time. Using primary source documents, students will investigate how the constitutional powers to initiate war have been exercised by the legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government at several key moments in American history. This lesson will explore the implementation of the war-making power from the first declared war under the Constitution-the War of 1812-to the Iraq War. Congress, the President, and the War Powers Summary:
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